Compare Svalbard (2008) - Glorioso Islands (2005)

Compare Svalbard (2008) z Glorioso Islands (2005)

	Svalbard (2008)	Glorioso Islands (2005)

Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA	-
Airports	4 (2007)	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2007)	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 61,020 sq km land: 61,020 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, and South Rock
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than West Virginia	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.	A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse.
Birth rate	NA	-
Budget	revenues: $25.07 million expenditures: $NA (2004 est.)	-
Capital	name: Longyearbyen geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	-
Climate	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year	tropical
Coastline	3,587 km	35.2 km
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Glorioso Islands local long form: none local short form: Iles Glorieuses
Death rate	NA	-
Dependency status	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway	possession of France; administered by the Administrateur Superieur of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	none (possession of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	none (possession of France)
Disputes - international	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone	claimed by Madagascar
Economic aid - recipient	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)	-
Economy - overview	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gave the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.	no economic activity
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 12 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)	-
Exchange rates	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 5.8396 (2007), 6.4117 (2006), 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Per SEFLAND (since 1 October 2005); Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice	-
Exports	$197.6 million (2004)	-
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	the flag of France is used
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	-
Geographic coordinates	78 00 N, 20 00 E	11 30 S, 47 20 E
Geography - note	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; Spitsbergen Island is the site of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a seed repository established by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government	the islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Imports	$NA	-
Independence	none (territory of Norway)	-
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	-
International organization participation	none	-
Irrigated land	NA	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Labor force	NA	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees; the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (2001)
Languages	Norwegian, Russian	-
Legal system	the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply	the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	-
Literacy	NA	-
Location	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway	Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar
Map references	Arctic Region	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Military - note	demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920	defense is the responsibility of France
Natural hazards	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic	periodic cyclones
Natural resources	coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish	guano, coconuts
Net migration rate	NA	-
Population	2,214 (July 2007 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a small French military garrison along with a few meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2005 est.)
Population growth rate	-0.007% (2007 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	-	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)	-
Sex ratio	NA (2007 est.)	-
Telephone system	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	-
Television broadcast stations	NA	-
Terrain	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts	low and flat
Total fertility rate	NA	-

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